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9 HIV infection

Objectives

When you have completed this unit you should be able to:

  • Define HIV infection and AIDS.
  • Describe how children may become infected with HIV.
  • Reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
  • Recognise the clinical signs and symptoms of HIV infection.
  • Confirm the diagnosis of HIV infection.
  • Manage a child with HIV infection.
  • Counsel parents of a child with HIV infection.
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Item Title
9-1 What is HIV?
9-2 Are there different types of HIV?
9-3 What is HIV infection?
9-4 What is AIDS?
9-5 Can a person have HIV infection but remain well?
9-6 How common is HIV infection?
9-7 How can a person become infected with HIV?
9-8 How are children usually infected with HIV?
9-9 What is the risk of a child becoming infected with HIV by mother-to-child transmission?
9-10 How can the risk of mother-to-child transmission be reduced?
9-11 What factors influence the risk of HIV transmission in breast milk?
9-12 How can the risk of HIV transmission in breast milk be reduced?
9-13 When is it best not to breastfeed?
9-14 How is HIV infection diagnosed?
9-15 What are the advantages of diagnosing HIV infection early?
9-16 How does HIV infection present clinically in children?
9-17 What are the clinical stages of HIV infection?
9-18 How is symptomatic HIV infection diagnosed?
9-19 What are the signs of stage 1 HIV infection?
9-20 What are the clinical signs of stage 2 HIV infection?
9-21 What are the signs of stage 3 HIV infection?
9-22 What are the signs of stage 4 HIV infection?
9-23 How is damage to the immune system documented in children?
9-24 How is the clinical severity of HIV infection classified in children?
9-25 How should an infant born to an HIV-infected woman be managed after delivery?
9-26 How should HIV prophylaxis be given to reduce the risk of HIV infection in labour and delivery?
9-27 What is the management of HIV-exposed infants during the first year of life?
9-28 Is it safe to give immunisations to infants who may be infected with HIV?
9-29 What is the role of good nutrition in children with HIV infection?
9-30 How and when should prophylactic co-trimoxazole be given?
9-31 What is the value of antiretroviral therapy in children?
9-32 What is the expected outcome for children with HIV infection?
9-33 What factors other than age determine how fast HIV infection will progress?
9-34 What are important respiratory problems in children with HIV infection?
9-35 What is pneumocystis pneumonia?
9-36 Is tuberculosis common in children with HIV infection?
9-37 What forms of tuberculosis are common in children with HIV infection?
9-38 What gastrointestinal problems are common in children with HIV infection?
9-39 What skin conditions are common in children with HIV infection?
9-40 What is the effect of HIV infection on neurodevelopment?
9-41 What are the major components of management?
9-42 How important is nutrition support?
9-43 How should opportunistic infections be managed?
9-44 What are the goals of antiretroviral therapy?
9-45 When should antiretroviral treatment be started?
9-46 What are the guidelines for antiretroviral therapy?
9-47 What drugs are used for antiretroviral therapy?
9-48 What side effects are seen with antiretroviral drugs?
9-49 What monitoring is need with antiretroviral therapy?
9-50 Is there a vaccine against HIV infection?
 
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