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5 Diarrhoea

Objectives

When you have completed this unit you should be able to:

  • Define and diagnose diarrhoea.
  • Understand the importance and danger of diarrhoea.
  • List the causes and complications of diarrhoea.
  • Diagnose and grade the severity of dehydration.
  • Manage diarrhoea.
  • Treat dehydration.
  • Prevent diarrhoea.
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Item Title
5-1 What is diarrhoea?
5-2 Is diarrhoea common?
5-3 Can diarrhoea be dangerous?
5-4 What are the common causes of diarrhoea?
5-5 What infections cause diarrhoea?
5-6 What food intolerances cause diarrhoea?
5-7 What is gastroenteritis?
5-8 What is acute diarrhoea?
5-9 What is persistent diarrhoea?
5-10 What is the relationship between diarrhoea and malnutrition?
5-11 Is diarrhoea common in children with HIV infection?
5-12 Which infants are at greatest risk of dying from diarrhoea?
5-13 What is cholera?
5-14 What is dysentery?
5-15 What is typhoid?
5-16 What are the complications of acute diarrhoea?
5-17 How can you recognise dehydration?
5-18 How can you recognise loss of skin turgor?
5-19 How can the degree of dehydration be assessed?
5-20 How can weight loss help to decide the degree of dehydration?
5-21 What is shock?
5-22 How is a delayed capillary filling time measured?
5-23 What causes acidosis in children with diarrhoea?
5-24 Why do children with diarrhoea lose electrolytes?
5-25 What is ileus?
5-26 What is the danger of hypoglycaemia?
5-27 How is septicaemia recognised?
5-28 What signs suggest that the diarrhoea may have a surgical cause?
5-29 What is the management of a child with acute diarrhoea?
5-30 Will milk feeds make acute diarrhoea worse?
5-31 Can children with acute diarrhoea continue to be fed solid food?
5-32 Should anti-diarrhoeal medication be used to treat acute diarrhoea?
5-33 Should antibiotics be routinely given to children with acute diarrhoea?
5-34 What should you do if the child vomits a lot?
5-35 Can a child with acute diarrhoea be treated at home?
5-36 What is oral rehydration therapy?
5-37 What is oral rehydration solution?
5-38 What is commercial oral rehydration solution?
5-39 How can a sugar and salt solution be made at home?
5-40 Who should know how to make up sugar and salt solution for oral rehydration?
5-41 When should oral rehydration therapy be started?
5-42 How much oral rehydration solution should be given?
5-43 Which children with acute diarrhoea should be referred to hospital?
5-44 What is the management of persistent diarrhoea?
5-45 What is the management of dysentery?
5-46 What is the management of a child with diarrhoea but no visible dehydration?
5-47 What is the treatment of a child with some dehydration?
5-48 What is the treatment of a child with severe dehydration?
5-49 What is the treatment of dehydration resulting in shock?
5-50 What fluids should be given once dehydration has been corrected?
 
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